Samma N'Sei, meaning "Eye Blinders" in the Old Tongue, are male Aiel channelers and their descendants who serve the Dark One. They dwell in a town constructed by prison labor in the Great Blight, near Shayol Ghul.
The Samma N'Sei are a corrupted and subverted group of Aiel warriors. Aiel men who discover they can channel tainted saidin will go north into the Blight to fight the Shadow. It appears that since the Breaking, many have been captured over time and turned to the Shadow. Afterwards, these Aiel men have been able to channel saidin with the Dark One's protection from the taint.
In TWoTC it is stated that not all of them are able to channel, probably the descendants of turned Aiel channelers, but nevertheless they are trained to become powerful warriors in the Aiel way.
There are inverse differences among the Samma N'Sei to Aiel culture. Their veils are red rather than black. Proper Aiel veil themselves before killing, while the Samma N'Sei unveil before making a kill. Those that are forcibly turned to the Shadow file their teeth to points.
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In TWoTC it is stated that Samma N'Sei were groomed as a surprise weapon in the Last Battle, nevertheless some of them had an earlier mission to find and destroy the Eye of the World before the Dragon Reborn could reach it, but their mission failed. Anyway it can be guessed that they took their name from this mission.
These are the people who had attacked Barriga when he fled from Heeth Tower towards the Great Blight.[1]
During the Last Battle in Thakan'dar the Samma N'Sei took the forces of the Light by surprise , consequently the Aiel Wise Ones took particular responsibility to fight them as a 'toh towards their allies.